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What is a Preauricular Fistula?
Definition
A preauricular fistula is an abnormal connection between two parts of the body, specifically a tunnel-like passage that runs from near the ear to the skin on the outer part of the face.
It forms during fetal development when tissues in the area around the ears fail to properly fuse together. This results in a small opening (fistula) visible on the skin close to the upper edge of the ear, often on one or both sides of the face.
Preauricular fistulas are typically benign and don’t usually cause any significant health problems. However, they can sometimes become infected or inflamed, causing pain, redness, and swelling.
Some individuals may choose to have the fistula surgically removed for cosmetic reasons if it bothers them aesthetically. This procedure is generally straightforward and effective in completely closing the fistula.
Symptoms
A preauricular fistula is a small, abnormal passage that runs from the skin near the ear (preauricular) to the middle ear or mastoid bone.
It often appears as a small opening or bump on the front of the ear, although it may sometimes be completely hidden beneath the skin.
This abnormality occurs during fetal development when cells fail to separate properly, resulting in this abnormal connection between the skin and deeper structures.
Preauricular fistulas are typically harmless but can lead to certain complications.
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Here are some symptoms associated with preauricular fistula:
- A small opening or bump on the front of the ear
- Drainage from the opening, which may be clear, bloody, or pus-filled
- Pain or tenderness around the opening, especially when it becomes infected
- Hearing loss, if the fistula connects to the middle ear
It’s important to note that some people with preauricular fistulas may experience no symptoms at all.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A preauricular fistula is a congenital anomaly, meaning it’s present at birth. It appears as a small opening or tunnel that connects the skin near the ear to the inner part of the ear.
These fistulas can vary in size and shape, some being quite narrow while others are wider.
They often involve multiple openings leading into different areas within the ear canal.
The exact cause is unknown, but it’s believed to be related to incomplete fusion of the tissues during fetal development.
Diagnosis typically involves a visual examination by a doctor or otolaryngologist (ENT specialist).
They will examine the area near your ear and check for any openings, swelling, or discharge.
If necessary, they may also order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or MRI, to get a clearer picture of the fistula’s extent.
Treatment options for preauricular fistulas depend on factors like size, location, and symptoms.
Some people experience no discomfort or complications and may choose to leave the fistula untreated.
However, if it causes pain, infection, discharge, or other issues, treatment may be recommended:
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Surgical Removal: This is the most common treatment for preauricular fistulas.
Surgery involves removing the fistula tract and closing the opening.
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Laser Therapy: In some cases, a laser can be used to cauterize and close the fistula.
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The choice of treatment will be discussed with you by your doctor based on your individual circumstances.
Recovery after surgery typically involves a short period of healing and wound care.
It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to minimize the risk of complications and ensure proper healing.
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